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Genetické aspekty domestikačního znaku pukavosti lusku u hrachu
Čevelová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis is the study of the genetic substance of the important domestication sign pod dehiscence. Two types of pea were analyzed, with indehiscence pods JI92 (Pisum sativum subsp. sativum) and wild field pea with dehiscent pods JI64. (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius). By reciprocal crossbreeding of these two lines, were created recombinant inbred lines (RILs), of a total of 134 RILs lines were selected with 9 contrast lines. We utilized the massive parallel sequencing of the 3'ends of the cDNA, obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from the seam. Thanks to this method, 3 candidate genes were generated. Subsequently, we determined the expression of these three candidate genes for the using quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR). Amplification curves and Ct values generated from the RT-qPCR were subsequently used to generate graphs to show the degree of expression of the candidate genes. The most suitable candidate was the Ps15 gene, which is present in LGIII in the Dpo1 region, and therefore could be responsible for pod dehiscence.
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Genetické aspekty domestikačního znaku pukavosti lusku u hrachu
Smutná, Lenka
At the beginning, the plant domestication was probably a non-conscious process. Later, it changed to a targeted process, when the cultural crops were developed from wild species due to human activities. Some crops occurred as a weed of the first cultural species in the past and were selected for individual crops during the domestication. The very beginning of the domestication can be found in neolithic era, when humans chan- ged their way of life from picking & hunting to agriculture & shepherdy. Change of climate after the last ice age was probably one of the reasons. Wild plants as a whole differ from cultural crops in set of domestication characters. Domesticated crops have for example bigger fruits (tomato plant - Solanum lycopersicum L.), contain lower amount of toxic substances (solanine, potato - S. tuberosum L.), natural spreading of seeds and dormancy were inhibited (pea - Pisum L.) etc. Spontaneous releasing of seeds was a big issue already in the past, and is a big issue also now. Afford to avoid this behavior was exerted from the beginning of agriculture. Plants developed various mechanisms of seed spreading into their surroundings for the purposes of species preservation. Legumes developed explosive seed spreading. Shrinking pod valves exert tension on both junctions and once the critical force was reached, the pod suddenly opens. During this action, the pod orientation changes (the tip obliquely upwards) and the seeds are catapulted up to several meters into surroundings. The objective of this work was to narrow mapping interval of the pod shattering ge- ne (Dpo1) in pea (Pisum L.) and focus on evaluation of phenotype of recombinant in- bred lines (RILs). Several RILs formed by crossbreeding of contract parent genotypes of P. elatius were used Steven ex M. Bieb. JI64 × clutural pea P. sativum L. JI92 and reci- procal crossbreeding JI92 × JI64; P. elatius Steven ex M. Bieb. VIR320 × cultural pea P. sativum L. WL1238. Next objective was a comparison anatomical analysis of pod structure in the area of ventral and dorsal junction and endocarp structure.
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Analýza genové exprese během vývoje plodů planého a kulturního hrachu
Hamplová, Denisa
The main focus of this thesis has been to study of domestication traits. Identification of genes of domestication traits has a huge potencial for plant breeding. The experimental part has been devoted to the study of pod dehiscence as a domestication trait in pea (Pisum sativum L.). The goal of this work has been to evaluate the expression of candidate genes of pod dehiscence in pea (Pisum sativum L.). For this experiment was used JI64 line pea (Pisum sativum ssp. elatius L.) and JI92 (Afghan cultural type of pea Pisum sativum ssp. sativum L.) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) arising from reciprocal crossing. Using the method of qRT-PCR (Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR) have been analyzed candidate genes IDEH, SHAT, bZIP, SPT, NAC and compared with the expression of the reporter gene tubulin.
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